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Once you've got a train layout set up on a flat table, you might want to make it more interesting by adding some mountains and hills. There are a couple of ways to do this, and they are both easy.
Papier-Mâché Method
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If your layout is temporary, or you don't want to spend much money, you can use the papier-mâché method. Basically, you just scrunch up some newspapers into the general shape of the hill or mountain, then cover them with sheets of newspaper dipped in papier-mâché paste.
How to Make Mountains and Hills For Your Model Railroad
The traditional method of making papier-mâché paste is to add one part water to one part flour. Some people prefer to boil the paste, saying that it makes the consistency smoother. Water to flour ratio is changed to five parts water to one part flour in this case. Other people use a three to one or a one to one ratio of water and polyvinyl acetate wood glue. Still others say that starch makes a fine paste. Adding a dash of cinnamon to the mixture gives the paste a pleasant smell; adding a dash of salt and sugar reduces the chances of the product developing mould.
You simply dip sheets of newspaper (fold them a couple of times to make them thicker) in the paste and drape them over the scrunched up newspapers. The sheets will be soft and pliable, so mould them into hills and valleys as you like. Let the papier-mâché dry overnight. You will find that it is hard and rigid, like a piñata.
Paint it with a water-based paint in shades of green (for grass) and brown (for dirt) and grey (for rock). You can also use spray paint, but make sure it is matte, not glossy, paint. While the paint is still wet, sprinkle some grass (available at the hobby shop) or green-coloured sawdust. When the paint is dry, add some lichen for bushes and trees (also available at any hobby shop).
Window Screening and Wooden Supports
If your train layout is permanent, a more durable method of making mountains and hills is to use screening and wooden supports. This also has the advantage that you can run tracks on the mountain itself, providing you make the appropriate supports. Basically, you cut wooden support blocks to the appropriate size, then drape window screening (called "fly screen" in Australia) over the blocks, stapling the screen to the blocks. You should fasten the blocks to the table with screws or nails first, so they don't move around.
If you want, you can build a second track bed around or through the mountain, elevated above the table. Simply use support blocks and plywood to make a rigid base for the track.
Once the screening is in place, pinch it in places to make rugged edges, ditches, and valleys. Then mix up some common household plaster (available at any hardware store to fix holes in a plaster wall) and slobber it over the screen. There is no need to be careful, just make sure all the screen is covered. A thicker plaster mix works much better than a thin mix, as the latter allows the screen to show through.
When you get to the rugged vertical bits, use horizontal strokes of a knife to simulate rock cuts. Let the plaster dry overnight and then paint as described above.
Finally, finish it off with lichen bushes and trees as appropriate.
Don't Forget Access
When you are deciding how big to make your mountain, and where to place it, also think about derailments. Murphy's Law guarantees that, at some point, your train is going to derail in the tunnel through your mountain. Make sure the tunnel entrance is large enough so you can reach in and get your train out.
Or consider these alternatives: If you have made a papier-mâché mountain, and not glued it to the table, you can simply lift it off the table.
If you have made a permanent wood block and wire screen mountain, then consider cutting access holes in the table, below the mountain, so you can reach in and right the train or remove it. Don't make the holes too close to the track, because if the train does derail at that spot, you don't want it to fall through the hole onto the floor.
How to Make Mountains and Hills For Your Model Railroad
If you plan on hiking up a mountain and spending some time, it is essential to have the right mountaineering equipment with you. You need to have gear that you would take on a winter camping trip. In addition, you need the items normally seen for backcountry travel. That is on top of the equipment you will see on a normal mountaineering expedition. Mountaineering is not a simple hike up a mountain. It is a full-blown expedition up some of the highest mountains. Here are some of the essentials you need to take with you as you trek.
One of the most important pieces of mountaineering equipment is plastic double boots. When you hit the highest reaches, you will be dealing with ice and snow. These boots have a hard plastic outer shell that protects the feet from water and other forms of moisture. The inner shell is made of soft insulated material that protects the feet. Make sure you size these boots properly. Due to the stiff outer shell, they do not break in like most other forms of footwear. Wear thick hiking socks while trying the boots on in order to get the best fit. Make sure nothing rubs or pinches.
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At high elevations, especially in the snow, you need sun protection. It is important to wear UV-protective goggles to protect your eyes. Regular sunglasses do not provide enough protection on the sides of the eyes. You also need to use sunscreen and lip balm to prevent sunburns. It is very important to protect your head when mountaineering. You need to purchase a climbing helmet especially designed for mountaineering. These helmets handle falling debris such as rock, ice, or dropped gear. The helmet needs adjustable straps to allow you to wear a hat under the hard shell for cold protection. Do not skimp on head protection when it comes to mountaineering equipment.
The Ultimate Guide to Mountaineering Equipment Essentials
Even if you are not planning to do any vertical climbing, a harness is something you need to have with you. When on a mountain, there are points along the way where you might walk near an edge. Guide ropes help keep everyone safe. The harness clicks into those guide ropes. If you are going to travel over ice, crampons are essential pieces of mountaineering equipment. These spiked devices clamp on over your regular boots. The spikes help you grab the ice with the soles of your boots. You also need the traditional mountaineering ice axe known as a piolet.
The Ultimate Guide to Mountaineering Equipment Essentials
Women's ski pants and men's ski pants like snowboard pants are essentially waterproofed. You can choose from bib styled to full body to those having suspenders. Choosing a style is individual preference but keep in mind that too tight of ski pants obstruct joint flexibility so can hamper performance which you need to mind if you are a pro.
Choosing a pair of ski pants shouldn't be all that difficult given so many choices and brands. Here are some essential tips to buy them.
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Choose the slightly loose fitting pairs unless the shell fabric is stretchable. Tight fitting ski pants over hips and knees are seen as obstructions from pros.If you are a regular see that seat, knees and lower legs, the damage prone areas, have enough reinforcement support.See whether suspenders and waist belts are easily and firmly adjustable for the last thing you want going downhill are loosened suspenders falling over shoulders. Elastic suspenders hold fast unto positions but last only till they loose elasticity.Let the lining be soft and breathable to prevent from sweating.Insulation is usually done with fleece thick enough to protect from freezing but thin enough to be light weight.The knee joints must be articulated to give you maximum flexibility for easiest of the movements especially needed at such speeds.Carry yours ski boots along so that you can see whether ski pants' cuffs accommodate the boots. Cuffs are usually large with either knitted and elasticized or hemmed with drawcord for convenience; pros prefer the former style.Take your coach along to the stores where you are buying from.Choose from reputable arc'teryx pants, the north face pants, mountainhardwear pants, patagonia snow pants regardless of men's or women's ski pants for surety. Make your final decision with ski pants only after trying them at the stores for comfort, flexibility and styles.